Catherines developing relationship Essay Example for Free

Catherines developing relationship Essay On one level Marco just lifts a chair and issues a challenge, but on another level Marco is challenging Eddies  masculinity, and also revealing his deeper frustrations with Eddie. On yet another level, the chair could be considered symbolic of the deadly weapon used to kill Eddie and the tragedy to come.  The facial expressions of characters are equally important, especially at the end of act one, as non-verbal communication becomes very important. The glare of warning that transforms into a smile of triumph unsettles the audience and shifts Marco into a whole new position in both the eyes of the audience, and Eddie. The tension is high and the audience is left poised, and waiting for the next act. The element of impending tragedy has not gone unnoticed by the audience who are left in suspense. Eddies decision to phone the Immigration Bureau reveals a lot about him. The phone booth glowing draws the attention of the audience and plays on the idea of the tragic hero always making the wrong decisions and succumbing to his fatal flaw. It shows that Eddie has become desperate and isolated, and the audience can pick up on his state of mind from the symbolism Miller has incorporated into the play. This symbolism is brought to our attention chiefly by phone booth at the middle of Act 2, and the booth reveals several messages about Eddies inevitable fatal flaw. The blue colour that is said to emanate from the phone booth in the stage- directions could be used to represent Eddies state of isolation, sad confusion, and the distance, which Eddie has placed between himself and the community. The lonely stand of the phone booth could also symbolize Eddies loneliness. The story of Vinny Bolzano that Eddie tells at the very beginning emphasizes just how important the Italians feel that justice is. It also shows how far Eddie has fallen in terms of his moral ideas that we learn of in the beginning. When he first tells the story he tells it with disgust. However, he then ends up on the outside of the community like the boy in the story, highlighting how his unnatural acts lead to his own isolation and reveal how far he has dropped since he held his own standards.  The reference to Vinny Bolzano also creates turmoil in the minds of the audience as it raises several key questions about how the community will react when Eddies flaw is revealed to them, and whether or not he will be pushed out of the community and turned on by his family. Later on, when Alfieri says History repeats itself, this is another explicit reference to the story of Vinny Bolzano. There is a profound irony to this as Eddie repeats the same actions he has snubbed to Catherine.  Another key event in the play is the kiss that Eddie gives Catherine and then Rodolpho. This is possibly the most revealing event in terms of Eddies persona and motivation. It can be viewed on several levels; firstly that Eddie is so desperate, that he is clutching at anything, which might delay Catherine, and stop her leaving. He is so frightened that his chance with Catherine will vanish forever, that he tries to reveal to her how he feels before its too late, but due to his confused and desperate state of mind, this emerges as a totally improper action. He then tries to cover up his mistake through the hazy smoke of his drunken mind, by kissing Rodolpho. We as the audience could presume that Eddie is trying to give the message that he is just friendly, and kisses everyone. Eddie cannot however, quite pull this facade off, as this is not the sort of action in keeping with what we know of him and isnt really feasible. Secondly, it could be jealousy that motivates Eddie into doing outrageous and terrible things, perhaps because he was jealous of Rodolfo and Catherines developing relationship. This is also hinted at in the interview between Eddie and Alfieri, when Eddie says, but hes (Rodolpho) stealing from me. As I mentioned before, Eddie sees Catherine as his possession.  Thirdly, the kiss could be interpreted by the audience, as revealing Eddies own homosexual tendencies, and lead us to consider that Eddie only kissed Catherine to cover up his desire for Rodolpho. This however, is doubtful when we look at Eddies strong homophobia and fear of anyone defying convention. Finally, because Eddie thinks that Rodolfo is gay, he might have then kissed Rodolpho as an afterthought, in a half-hearted attempt to make Catherine realise that Rodolpho is gay.  In summary, we can say that the kiss reveals Eddies deep jealousy toward Rodolpho, because Eddie knows he cannot have Catherine. The kiss is a last desperate attempt to snatch Catherine from Rodolpho, but this futile attempt does not succeed, it just drives Catherine further away from him.  The ending of the play confirms Eddies position as a tragic hero in several ways. Characters like Lipari, his wife, Louis and Mike, are the stage representatives of the wider community, and one by one leave Eddie, symbolizing the tragic heros isolation. In the very end we see that as the traditional tragic hero, Eddie remains or at least seems to remain, oblivious of his harmatia even to his death. His cry of My B! could show some acknowledgement of his fault, and realization that he was wrong.  However, his penultimate words of, then why? leads the audience to conclude that Eddie must still remain deluded and that he hasnt realized his flaw at all. If at this point, and after all that has happened, Eddie still has to ask why he is suffering and carry on behaving as if he has been wronged, he is still clearly in denial about his own unnatural desires and bad judgements.  From his final comment the audience have no choice but to conclude that Eddie still refused to acknowledge that he is part of the problem to the very end and maintained that he was the victim.

Ethical issues in Monsters Inc.

Ethical issues in Monsters Inc. The movie Monsters Inc. tells us about the minor world that includes humans are living their life without any little knowledge about the other side of the world. This is the world where even a single child knows the exit and then the place is incorporates real monsters in the closet. The world of monsters is quite different from the human world. The first difference is related to the scary monsters have made the land dense with its population. Therefore, electricity which is generated through geothermal, solar, or fossil fuels etc. was produced by exploiting the power of children’s screams. The monster world is facing a severe energy crisis due to the fact that children are getting less sensitive to the scare tactics of monsters due to the productions demonstrated in games, video games, and television. Business Portrayal of Monster, Inc. The business world at Monsters Inc. is depicted basically in a positive light. The adversary in the film was not stretched out to incorporate Monsters Inc. in general however rather was depicted as character blemishes in the identities of two monsters. At Monsters Inc., representatives are reasonably joyful. This is portrayed throughout the morning get-together where representatives cheerfully welcome one another and also talks in an energized way about the other days work. There are sufficient precautions set up to ensure the wellbeing of the workers. For example, the Child Detection Agency (CDA) is a SWAT-like group that assembles at whatever point there is a reported locating of human world items like toys, attire, or real youngsters, spanning the dimensional crevice and entering the world of monsters. Human articles or kids are considered to a great degree lethal and perilous (Anderson, 2001). The CDA is in charge of catching all unworldly protests and detoxifying all beasts that have come into contact with such objects. Furthermore, due to the mechanical supplies used to bring kids doors to the monster world, employees are obliged to wear hard caps for assurance if there should be an occurrence of the malfunctioning of an equipment. The last case displayed to depict the business world as positive is that of the satisfactory break structure and work plan. Workers work throughout ordinary daytime business hours, are given time off for lunch breaks, and are left at their recreation to appreciate evening exercises, for example, participating in dates, going out to supper, or for the relaxation at home. Ethical considerations and policies Ethical Issue # 1 The first ethical issue that is observed in this particular film is related to the generation of energy at Monster, Inc. Just like humans, monster enjoy utilizing electricity at their houses for various uses like watching televisions and to power lights. But the only difference that is found in this scenario is that in the human world the generation of power is carried out through deforestation and coal mining where deforestation has dangerous and devastating after effects on species that live in that particular area. The monster world generates power through the after effects of screams of children. However, it can be said that this is one of the serious concerns for disturbing the emotional condition of children while being unethical to them. Many other ways of doing so can be discovered and the Research and Development team is the one to do so. Their motto, ‘’we scare because we care’’ can be seen as they really care for the audience but they are doing t hem for their own self-interest. This is what also witnessed in the human world as well. This is specifically related to the corporate social responsibility. The utilitarianism approach should be adopted here which states that there is a dire need to maximize usefulness and eradicate any sort of misuse that damages or expose an unethical behavior and attitude towards the public. According to me, the employees in the RD department should be encouraged to find out some new improved ways to generate power without being unfavorable to the children and public. The issue was resolved through the discovery that laughter generates more power than the current scream tactic. This was found when a human child named as Boo slips through the door opened up by the monster Sully. Sully has already brought Boo home and so, he is not in any sort of trouble due to the fact that the employers of Monster Inc. had created some sort of panic in the mind of employees that children are extremely toxic to t hem. When Boo laughs, there was a great surge of power at his home. So, this shows that employees can also be encouraged to discover new ways to continue the business in an appropriate and ethical manner. If the company promotes employee voice of concern then employees can voice their views in this regard Ethical Issue # 2 The culture of fear introduced by the head of the company, Mr. Waternoose by discovering the Child Detection Agency in order to remove toxicity caused by the children. However, this was not the case at all. The head of this particular company was preventing the employees from forming any sort of associatio (Cahill, 2010)ns with the children. The head of the company is not following the Teleological theory of ethics as he does not focus much on the consequences of his actions which are totally unethical . The employees are always in a state of fear and anxiety as soon as they learn about the children being close to them but they are not toxic at all because of the fact that when the child enters Mr. Waternoose’s sight, he picked him up. The culture of the company emulated by the attitude of the employees was getting disturbed by this particular scenario. Mr. Waternoose should have thought about its employees for not creating any sort of instability in the work environment throu gh the creation of this culture. It is always necessary to maintain the culture of any particular company in order to make an organization a great workplace for its employees. More than that, after watching this film, the employees should be trained to not act accordingly as long as they have not witnessed the same thing in general. Only then, they can persuade themselves to believe and act accordingly. In this case, the employees haven’t experienced any sort of toxicity until they found out themselves due to the floating toys from human world to the monster world. Ethical Issue # 3 Mr. Waternoose values company first which is a good thing to maximize profit but it should be done in an ethical manner. This is already proved by the excerpts that Mr. Waternoose comments on the well-being of his company by saying that this company has been in his family for three generations and that he would do anything to maintain the continuity of his business. However, the CEO was recorded to have said that he will kidnap a thousand children before letting his company die and that he will not tolerate anyone if anyone comes in his way. This gives us an unethical approach towards the adoption of scare tactics because it was sole responsibility of his company to generate electricity and it can also be considered as an act of self-interest as the CEO can use the same tactic for his personal home use. Other Ethical Issues The other more minor moral issues depicted incorporated the violation of business strategies in light of the fact that you were asked by a companion or sentimental interest as seen by the various workers that damage the approach in regards to the harmfulness of youngsters when asked by the loveable creature Sully. An alternate business moral issue introduced was the real trick of the inconvenient impacts of innovative research and developmental initiatives that led to the astray causing detrimental effects to research subjects. In the film, the two misguided creatures were the CEO and Randall. Together these workers occupied with exploration amazingly risky to youngsters, however felt their activities were supported due to the severity of energy crisis. Conclusion The film Monsters, Inc. is focused around an electric organization in the monstrous world. The organization, Monsters, Inc. produces power for their city through screams of youngsters and refining the shouts into clean vitality to run the city. Also like any organization in any sort of world, beast or human, things need to run easily. Numerous things need to fall into spot for an organization or business to get fruitful and acquire gainfulness. Certain assets need to be utilized, human assets need to be given careful consideration to, and an aggressive environment is required for an organization to run quick and proficient. The four separate elements of generation the shouts as common assets, the processing plant and refineries as capital, the scaring and different laborers as work, and Mr. Waternoose as the ambitious person who began the organization. Monster, Inc. transforms clean energy from the shouts of little kids for all of Monstropolis and its monsters. The treatment of any organizations human assets incredibly influences its benefit, which is the reason it is something that needs to be given careful consideration to. In the event that an organization disregards their laborers, the workers may feel ignored and rebel against the employers. An effective productivity of the organization enormously lessened reflecting the breach of human code of conduct and whole scare floors must be closed down, and in view of this the motivation and encourage to work in such an environment lessened due to the reduction in their morale. The most productive use of natural resource is laughter of children. At the point when boo got away through her wardrobe into Monstropolis Mike and Sully needed to conceal her from the CDA. To keep boo from hollering, Mike needed to make her laugh, however when she did giggle, the power would go haywire and things would short out. The thought of competition is communicated all through the film by staying informed of the amount of scare points handled by every monster, and each creature needed to have the highest scare points in light of the fact that they then would get prevalent around the monstrous world. References Anderson, D. K. (Producer), Doctor, P. (Director). (2001). Monstern, Inc [Motion Picture]. Cahill, L. S. (2010). TELEOLOGY AND UTILITARIANISM ETHICS. Retrieved from http://www.ts.mu.edu/readers/content/pdf/42/42.4/42.4.4.pdf

Reflecting on Competency with Subcutaneous Injection Technique

Reflecting on Competency with Subcutaneous Injection Technique The focus of this essay will be to select one clinical skill in which I am developing competence in and reflect upon how to achieve the necessary level of competence for this stage of the programme. For the purpose of this essay I have chosen to focus on subcutaneous injections technique as my clinical skill. The nursing and midwifery councils (NMC) Standards for Medicines management states that administration of medicine is not solely a mechanistic task to be performed in strict compliance with the written prescription other medical practitioner. It requires thought and the exercise of professional judgement. In order to perform safe practice it is essential to possess sound knowledge of the anatomy, patient assessment and nursing interventions and methods used are evidence based. (NMC 2007). My rationale for selecting subcutaneous injections (SC) was whilst on my first placement based on a surgical ward this was a widely used skill, which was performed on many occasions. This technique was mostly used for the administration of an anticoagulant (tinzaparin sodium) also know as heparin, given to patients in order to prevent harmful blood clots forming in veins following an operation. Heparin works by changing the way blood clots, allowing blood to flow smoothly through the vessels. (REF) Whilst giving an injection was once the role of the doctor, since the invention of penicillin in 1940s it became the activity of the nurse (Workman 1999). Administering injections is an important part of drug administration and a regular, common place activity for the nurse which unfortunately can easily become a complacent task; the technique should be mastered with a sound knowledge base. Injections are used to distribute medication through a needle or syringe. SC injections are administered for various reasons; these include slow distribution into the body, good absorption due to intramuscular tissue containing small blood vessels and unable to take orally because medication would become inactive by stomach acid. Workman (1999) suggests taking four considerations when administering injections; the site of administration, technique used, equipment used and the route to be used. The choice of the site of injection is based on sound clinical judgement, best evidence and patient assessment (Potter 2010). Site selection is normally upper arm, abdomen or thigh. (Lister Dougherty 2008) suggests upper arm as a most favourable choice as they contain fewer large blood vessels and less painful sensations, however in practice the abdomen is a more common site for heparin as the skin contains a thicker subcutaneous tissue (Hunter 2008).It has been expressed that rotation of sites can decrease the likely hood of irritation and ensure improved absorption (Dougherty and Lister 2009). Traditionally the technique used when administering subcutaneous injections has been using a 45degree angle into a raised skin fold, however since the introduction of shorter needles and pre filled syringes this has been challenged and it is now recommended that the injections are given at a 90 degree angle into a raised skin fold to ensure medication is given into the SC layer. (REF) The manner to which a medicine is administered determines the extent to which a patient gains clinical benefit. Nurses are responsible for the correct administration of prescribed drugs to patients in their care at all times. Standards for medicine management (NMC 2008a) Adopting a skilled injection technique may make the patients experience less painful and prevent unnecessary complications, whereas poor understanding of the technique could result in the injection being administrated intramuscular which could affect the rate of absorption and cause potential harm to the patient (Hunter 2008). SC injections involve depositing medications into the loose connective tissue underlying the dermis, this tissue is not a richly supplied with blood vessels as muscles are thus allowing the medication to be absorbed slowly. Prior to administering a SC injection the following precautions must be followed: a patients pre-existing condition must be assessed to prevent contraindications, patients prescription chart checked to check correct route, correct dosage of medication, expiry date, hands washed with soap and water to prevent infection, positive patient identification then record the administration on the appropriate chart to avoid any duplication of patients treatment (Dougherty and Lister 2009) The Royal Marsden Hospital Manual suggests that before administering injections the skin should be cleansed with an alcohol wipe for 30 seconds and allowed to dry in order to prevent any contamination, However it has been questioned that the alcohol in the wipe was causing irritation to the skin or prolonged use may cause skin hardening (Hunter 2008). The local trust do not recommend the use of any skin preparation prior to administering SC injections, however aseptic technique to be maintained and as with all patient contact gloves must be worn (Pratt et al 2007) Disposal of the used injection is extremely important to prevent needle stick injuries, a needle should never be re-sheathed; the most frequent route of exposure to blood-borne diseases for health care workers is from needle stick injuries (Potter 2010). The clinical environment is a never ending source of potential learning experiences that become more meaningful the more you participate. (Sharples 2009) The NMC will only accept that a nurse is competent if they are a competent learner (NMC 2004) Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is a systematic approach adopted by nurses to provide a rational decision making that facilitates achievement of best practices often achieved by obtaining the strongest available evidence whilst applying patient care (Potter 2010). EBP is implemented because it allows the highest quality of care and resulting in the best patient outcome (Melnyk and friecut-overholt 2011) The NMC (2008) states that patients have the rights to have a safe environment and staff has a duty to protect patients in maintaining knowledge based practice and continuing with their lifelong learning. I realised in order to be able to become a competent nurse in the future I would need to recognise the type of learner I am and be able to reflect upon this. If I am unaware of my strengths and weaknesses, it is more likely I will be unable to help others (Burnard 1992). Self-awareness and analysis are key component in reflection, and reflection is an essential skill which needs to be acquired, developed and maintained; being self- aware allows us to take control of the situations we find ourselves in, thus becoming less vulnerable (Wilding 2008). There are four different learning styles identified these are; Activists, Pragmatist, Reflector and Theorist. Activists immerse themselves in new experiences, using their enthusiasm to flourish on new challenges. Pragmatists are thought to be practical, putting thoughts, theories and techniques into practice. Reflectors like to take a step back and observe, collecting and analysing information about events and experiences, often slow to reach a conclusion. Theorists on the other hand have a tendency to to favour the facts and are not content on things which dont seem rational (McGill and Beaty 1995) I discovered my learning style was the Activist, although I felt I possessed a few of the other characteristics in the other styles. I enjoy learning most by doing the task at hand and witnessing things rather than reading about them. Bremer (1984) advocates the preferred method of learning is by observing role models, this is often displayed whilst on placement observing mentors carrying out tasks before they allow the student to attempt it for themselves. According to Boud (1993) reflecting on personal experiences plays a major factor in developing to a higher level. Brenner (1984) agrees by suggesting nurses develop to become experts by taught knowledge, by applying the intuition and experience through work practice, however, not all nurses will become experts. In order to develop my learning fully I recognised the need to start completing a reflective diary, recording experiences good and bad, strengths and weaknesses in order to improve my performance. Reflecting on experiences allows us to learn from them and how to improve on them to increase patient care. I am often told by nurses who have been qualified for many years that they often reflect on various situations and if they could have responded to a situation more differently and more effectively. Frazer and Greenhalgh (2001) states that capability is the extent to which the individual can apply, adopt and synthesize new knowledge from experiences and continue to improve performance. The World Health Organisation (WHO 1998) identifies competence as the ability to carry out a certain professional function which is made up of a repertoire of professional practice. Schon identifies two particular types of reflection, a reflection on action and a reflection in action. Reflection in action takes place in practice and may influence future decisions and outcomes, whilst reflection on action traditionally occurs in educational settings either clinical areas or in the classroom (Hinchliff et al, 2008). Ghaye et al (1996) believe that without reflection it is almost impossible to improve in practice. Understanding your own individual learning style is extremely interesting and considered invaluable in developing the ability to learn and partake in learning experiences, and especially important whilst on placement (Sharples 2009). By gaining personal insight and understanding it may help us understand others better (Burnard 1995) An essential part of learning is to seize any learning opportunity that may be presented, a student must show willing, motivated and recognise they are responsible for your own learning. If you as a student present yourself as unmotivated, it will be unlikely that your mentor or others will be motivated to encourage your learning (Sharples 2009). Learn through experimental learning on clinical placement and insightful learning in uni Strategic approach to learning (Kolb 1984)

Essay --

Title: Effectiveness of analgesia for pain management in patients with Sickle Cell Disease Introduction: Patient X was a 29-year-old male patient with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Aside from the complications associated with SCD such as opportunistic infections and vaso-occulsive episodes, which led to intense episodes of pain, he had no other co-morbidities. Patient X ran a family import business, which required frequent local and overseas travel. During the interview, Patient X repeatedly vocalized that the unpredictable onset and the manifestations of its symptoms was interfering with his quality of life in terms of economic cost (loss of business opportunities) and sleep. During acute episodes of pain, depending on its severity, Patient X would either contact his local GP for a prescription of painkillers or present himself at the Emergency Department (ED) to seek relief from his pain. SCD affects individuals with sub-Saharan African, Caribbean and Mediterranean ancestry. With a prevalence rate of more than 100,000 people in the United States alone and an incidence rate of 1 in 500 births among African-Americans, SCD is a major public health concern. (Givens et al. 2007, p. 239) Sickle Cell Pain (SCP) is a common feature in patients with SCD. It is characterised by episodes of severe pain. As pain management is primarily pharmaceutical in nature, the use of analgesia is of crucial importance in maintaining a patient’s quality of life. In SCP, the two major classes of analgesia used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) and opioids. (See Table 1) First hand accounts from Patient X during interview in addition to a literature review which will be discussed later in this article highlights major psychosocial and medi... ... ED clinician attitudes, practice patterns as well as low addiction rates in this population should be highlighted to allow intervention. Following this, initiatives to improve ED management of acute sickle cell disease pain could promote more efficient ways to manage SCD pain, better dissemination of national guidelines, and efforts to improve negative physician attitudes toward SCD patients. Because of the complex nature of SCP, ideally there should be increased collaboration between front-line physicians such as the General practitioner and the Emergency Physician with subject matter specialists such as an Anaesthetist (to address acute and chronic pain management issues) and Haematologist (to treat the underlying pathophysiology of SCD). This multidisciplinary approach will not only to decrease adverse outcomes, but also increase the patient’s quality of life.

Essay on Dysfunctional Families in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon ess

Dysfunctional Families in Song of Solomon    The African American families in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon present abnormality and dysfunction. Normalcy, seen in common nuclear families, is absent. The protagonist, Milkman, is shaped by his dysfunctional relationships with parental figures.    The abnormality of the mother and child relationship is apparent in Song of Solomon. The mother figure seems to have misguided hopes. Toni Morrison, presents an image of an unnatural, extended time of maternal bonding. The character, Ruth, breastfeeds her son, Milkman, until he is four or five years of age. Ruth breastfeeds Milkman for this unnaturally lengthy amount of time because it makes her feel like her son is a part of her. Breastfeeding him gives her immense pleasure and satisfaction. However, she hides her indulgence from the rest of the family until Freddie the janitor catches her. She knows it is wrong, but it makes her daily life bearable.    The children display a mild amount of disrespect leading to severe denial of motherly compassion. We see this in a passage from Song of Solomon.    "He had never loved his mother, but had always known that she loved him. And that had always seemed right to him, the way it should be. Her confirmed, eternal love of him, love that he didn't even have to earn or deserve, seemed to him natural(79)."    Milkman has a peculiar view of his mother. He did not think of his mother "as a person, a separate individual, with a life apart from allowing or interfering with his own(75)." Milkman does not think of his mother as an individual who needs his love or as a woman. To him it her duty in life to love him. He sees her as a frail creature that needs protection f... ...is son has struck him. Yet, he feels pride in his son for standing up to him.    Song of Solomon, joined by the dysfunction in the families, present an insightful image of the individual and the family of African Americans. Milkman, gained strength and courage through the trials of abnormal, sometimes abusive upbringings. Each scar, whether it was mental or physical, was a lesson learned.    Works Cited: Byerman, Keith. "Songs of the Ancestors: Family in Song of Solomon." Approaches to Teaching the Novels of Toni Morrison. Ed. Nellie McKay. New York: MLA, 1997. Middleton, David. Toni Morrison's Fiction: Contemporary Criticism. New York: Garland, 1997. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York: The Penguin Group, 1977. Storhoff, Gary. "'Anaconda Love': Parental Enmeshment in Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon." Style 31.2 (1997): 290-309.

Theme of Beauty in La Belle Dame Sans Merci Essay -- John Keats

In the poem â€Å"La Belle Dame Sans Merci† by John Keats, the main theme is the idea that beauty is only skin deep and can be an extremely painful emotional experience. The title loosely translates into â€Å"the beautiful woman with no mercy†. As we read the poem it becomes clear that the knight had his feelings shattered by this woman on his steed. Keats uses a number of different language techniques to make the poem effective. The first is dividing the poem into two parts through the use of 2 speakers. We do not know who the first speaker is, probably someone who is passing through the area. In stanza 1 and 2 the poet makes use of repetition as he questions the knight about his condition â€Å"Ah, what can ail thee, wretched wight?† line 1 stanza 1 and 2. He asks him why he is â€Å"so haggard, and so wo...

Free Speech vs The Right of Children Essay

The ethical implications of such a topic must be carefully reviewed in order to reach an overall judgement and conclusion as to whether every citizens right to express freedom of speech is an exclusive entitlement, or whether certain limitations ought to be implemented in order to safeguard the innocence of youth. This essay aims to underline that the latter must take precedent over any reckless expression of this right. William Orville Douglas once stated that â€Å"Restriction of free thought and free speech is the most dangerous of all subversions† (Douglas, 49). This, although, provokes ones belief that freedom of speech is a duty bestowed upon all of us to convey, it quite clearly fails to acknowledge the duty, and more importantly, the responsibility every adult has to protect the early stages of a child’s life from the evils our world presents. This paper will ultimately underline the obligations and duty each adult faces in order to protect the innocence of youth. It is surely every reasonably minded adults obligation to watch over and regulate what our children view. In such a society where information is so readily accessible and available via the outlets of the internet and television, the dangers of being exposed to the vulgarity of pornography and the severity of violent themes presented in television shows has never been more apparent. The entertainment industry thrives on the younger audiences following such 2 shows as wrestling and obtains profits at the expense of the corruption it invokes in the psyche of children. Statistics show that teenagers who regularly tune into professional wrestling shows are far more likely to be involved in violence in their adult lives (Taylor, 1). This surely is an indication that our right to express violence as an questionable privilege has insinuations that directly affect the youth of our society. Ann Mainville-Neeson aptly asserted â€Å"don’t abandon safeguards in the name of freedom of expression†. Although she was directly observing the rights of women, the same notion can be adopted in our argument confirming that freedom of speech is a privilege that must be wielded sensibly. Chomsky observed that â€Å"If you believe in freedom of speech, you believe in freedom of speech for views you don’t like† (Chomsky, 183). This statement is flawed in that it does not account for the level of morality freedom of speech invokes. The question whether freedom of speech is appropriate is undeniable. After all the right is protected under statutory law, in particular Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Brownlie, 299). The argument remains of proportionality and whether the justification of merely quoting statute is enough to qualify anyone to thoughtlessly portray images that may hinder the standing of our children in later adulthood. Interestingly, the First Amendment of the United States Constitution clearly instructs that, although the freedom of expression and speech is a fundamental right and can be enjoyed without any interference from the 3 government, the Supreme Court still recognize that such enjoyment must not summon any form of action that can cause violence or a breach of the peace. If this fact was to be correlated and run parallel with the observations made and results collaborated by the Southern Medical Journal, then one could argue that serious ramifications may be incurred and reform necessary to coincide with the law of the land. The availability and open accessibility to pornography, both soft and hardcore to children must be reviewed. Arguing that this is merely an avenue for those involved in the pornographic to articulate their freedom of speech and expression is absurd and holds little regard for repercussions that their exposure may have to young minds. Andrew Maisel stipulates that parents can control a degree of how much their own children are exposed to pornography on the internet is by banning the use of internet altogether. This concept, although harsh, offers a insight as to the desperate nature and dilemma most parents are left in. A situation leaving the parent to contemplate restricting online use for their children is a huge step backwards, yet it is often considered as an alternative. A lesser of two evils if you will. The pornography industry must take steps in order to reduce the number of people who are inadvertently subjected to explicit, and often illicit, material. Henry Waxman and Steve Largent’s report on the level of accessibility of pornography suggests that even accidental access can have detrimental effects. They cite the hypothetical example of a teenage girl innocently typing in 4 â€Å"Britney Spears† into a music video search again and retrieving a result list of which 70% of the results contained pornographic titles (Waxman, 9). The question of responsibility over undoubted financial profit comes is raised again, and unfortunately, it seems as though the industry prefers the well being of its own existence by attracting further attention to itself, to fulfilling their duty as adults and protect the children and ensure their smooth, educated transition into adulthood. However, Soraker poses a possible reason as to the uncontrollable nature of pornography on the internet. â€Å"The increasing use of frameworks within which Internet users can contribute nontextual information constitutes a serious obstacle to government attempts to accurately censor and monitor Internet traffic† (Soraker, 40). The basic notion that too many sites are available for users of all ages to file share and contribute to the problem presents us with further difficulties in tackling the fundamental issues in question. Once again we are faced with queries founded in the level of responsibility and proportional morality. Our society seems to cater far more to unconventional behaviour. So much so that such acts have entered into the mainstream of society, and what was deemed taboo a decade ago, is now part of our day to day make up. It is each and every adults responsibility to ultimately allow their children, whether it be their own or ones of their community, to benefit from a culture free from such pervertions that will eventually serve to destroy their 5 innocent attributes. The unfortunate phenomenon remains that industries operating within the media will continue to function and canvass their ideals, which will undeniably capture our youngsters attention. Profit and financial gain will remain to be an overriding factor that will drive the industry. All this with so little regard for the affect their actions will have on our children is a terrible tragedy. Surely the responsibility rest squarely upon the shoulders of the parents and other adults who have the control and voice to rise up against such barbaric exploitation. The future certainly looks bleak if our children pass on the violent and perverted tendencies portrayed in today’s media onto their own children and thus creating a snowball effect whereby the situation gets worse with every generation. The time to act is now. Freedom of speech is a right that many countries do not have the benefit of enjoying at all. We, however, seem to abuse this right. Brandish it, manipulate it and even use it as an excuse to further push the boundaries. A measure of responsibility must go hand in hand when we discuss the issue of free speech. It seems, however, that the majority of us have forgotten that aspect. WORKS CITED Douglas, William Orville, â€Å"Right of the People† Greenwood Press. 1980. 48-49 www,consumer affairs.com, â€Å"Young TV Wrestling Fans Take More Chances† Southern Medical Journal. February 2008 1-2 Chomsky, Noam. â€Å"Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky & the Media† 1993 183-185 Brownlie, Ian. â€Å"Principles of Public International Law† 5th Edition. Oxford 1998. 299-299 http://www. superkids. com/aweb/pages/features/netporn/, â€Å"Parents, Kids and Pornography on the Internet† 1-2 Waxman, Henry & Largent, Steve. â€Å"Children’s Access to Pornography Through Internet File-Sharing Programs† July 21st, 2007. 8-11 Soraker, Johnny Hartz, â€Å"The Information Socity† Penguin. 2007. 40-41